Humanin

Humanin (HN)

In simple words

Humanin is a peptide encoded in the mitochondria; its level falls with age. It is studied as a protector of nerve cells (including in Alzheimer's disease) and as an agent against cellular insensitivity to insulin.

What this molecule is

MAPRGFSCLLLLTSEIDLPVKRRA — 24 aa. Encoded by mitochondrial DNA. ~2687 Da. Discovered in 2001.

Why it is studied

Neuroprotector in Alzheimer's disease (↓Aβ toxicity). Reduces insulin resistance. A potential longevity biomarker — levels decline with age.

How it works

FPRL1/HCAR1 + gp130/CNTFR receptors → JAK2/STAT3 → ↑neuronal survival. Binds Bax directly → ↓mitochondrial apoptosis. Systemically: ↑IGF-1R/IRS-1 → ↓insulin resistance.

Doses used in studies

There are no clinical data; the book gives an extrapolated regimen: 100–500 mcg SC 2–3 times a week.

Combined with in studies

  • SS-31 — mitochondrial synergy
  • MOTS-c — both are encoded by mtDNA
  • Semax — neuroprotection in AD

Level of evidence

Level C Animal studies. Effects have been shown in animals. Whether they carry over to humans has not been proven.

Important to know

No clinical studies. Research only.

Studies in PubMed

  1. Humanin and Its Pathophysiological Roles in Aging: A Systematic Review. (Biology (Basel), 2023)
  2. The neuroprotective role of Humanin in Alzheimer's disease: The molecular effects. (Eur J Pharmacol, 2025)
  3. The mitochondrial derived peptide humanin is a regulator of lifespan and healthspan. (Aging (Albany NY), 2020)
  4. Humanin: A mitochondrial-derived peptide in the treatment of apoptosis-related diseases. (Life Sci, 2021)
  5. Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides in Diabetes and Its Complications. (Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2021)

Research peptides are laboratory reagents (Research Use Only). They are not medicines and are not intended for use in humans or animals.